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Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) measures have not been systematically applied in transurethral surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study was performed on patients with BPH who required surgical intervention. From July 2019 to June 2020, the ERAS program was applied to 248 patients, and the conventional program was applied to 238 patients. After 1 year of follow-up, the differences between the ERAS group and the conventional group were evaluated. The ERAS group had a shorter time of urinary catheterization compared with the conventional group (mean ± standard deviation [s.d.]: 1.0 ± 0.4 days vs 2.7 ± 0.8 days, P < 0.01), and the pain (mean ± s.d.) was significantly reduced through postoperative hospitalization days (PODs) 0-2 (POD 0: 1.7 ± 0.8 vs 2.4 ± 1.0, P < 0.01; POD 1: 1.6 ± 0.9 vs 3.5 ± 1.3, P < 0.01; POD 2: 1.2 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 1.3, P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found in the rate of postoperative complications, such as postoperative bleeding (P = 0.79), urinary retention (P = 0.40), fever (P = 0.55), and readmission (P = 0.71). The hospitalization cost of the ERAS group was similar to that of the conventional group (mean ± s.d.: 16 927.8 ± 5808.1 Chinese Yuan [CNY] vs 17 044.1 ± 5830.7 CNY, P =0.85). The International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) scores in the two groups were also similar when compared at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after discharge. The ERAS program we conducted was safe, repeatable, and efficient. In conclusion, patients undergoing the ERAS program experienced less postoperative stress than those undergoing the conventional program.
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Male , Humans , Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications , Quality of Life , Transurethral Resection of Prostate/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Enhanced Recovery After SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations and genetic characteristics of patients with epilepsy and episodic ataxia caused by SCN2A gene variation. Methods: The clinical data of seizure manifestation, imaging examination and genetic results of 5 patients with epilepsy and (or) episodic ataxia because of SCN2A gene variation admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2017 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among 5 patients, 4 were female and 1 was male. The onset age of epilepsy ranged from 4 days to 8 months. There were 2 cases of benign neonatal or infantile epilepsy and 3 cases of epileptic encephalopathy, in whom 1 case had development retardation,1 case transformed from West syndrome to infantile spasm and another one transformed from infantile spasm to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. One case of benign neonatal-infantile epilepsy was characterized by neonatal onset seizures and episodic ataxia developed at the age of 78 months. Electroencephalograms at first visit of 5 cases showed that 2 cases were normal, 1 case had focal epileptic discharge, and 2 cases had multi-focal abnormal discharge with peak arrhythmia. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 3 cases were nomal, 1 case was abnormal (brain atrophy with decreased white matter) and the results of 1 case was unknown. The follow-up time ranged from 17 months to 89 months. Four cases of epilepsy were controlled and 1 case died at 2 years of age. Two cases had normal intelligence and motor development, 2 had moderate to severe intelligence retardation and motor critical state, and 1 had moderate to severe intelligence and motor development retardation. SCN2A gene variations were identified in all cases. There were 4 missense variations and 1 frameshift variation. Three variations had not been reported so far, including c.4906A>G,c.3643G>T,c.638delT. Conclusions: Variations in SCN2A gene can cause benign neonatal or infantile epilepsy and epileptic encephalopathy. Some children develop episodic ataxia with growing age. The variation of SCN2A gene is mainly missense variation.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Ataxia/genetics , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/genetics , Mutation , /genetics , Retrospective Studies , Spasms, Infantile/geneticsABSTRACT
The present study aimed to determine whether the number of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who preferred surgery decreased during the past 11 years at our center (West China Hospital, Chengdu, China), and whether this change affected the timing of surgery and the physical condition of surgical patients. This retrospective study included 57 557 patients with BPH treated from January 2008 to December 2018. Of these, 5427 patients were treated surgically. Surgical patients were divided into two groups based on the time of treatment (groups 8-13 and groups 13-18). The collected data comprised the percentage of all patients with BPH who underwent surgery, baseline characteristics of surgical patients, rehabilitation time, adverse events, and hospitalization costs. The surgery rates in groups 8-13 and groups 13-18 were 10.5% and 8.5% (P < 0.001), respectively. The two groups did not clinically differ regarding patient age and prostate volume. The rates of acute urinary retention and renal failure decreased from 15.0% to 10.6% (P < 0.001) and from 5.2% to 3.1% (P < 0.001), respectively. In groups 8-13 and groups 13-18, the mean catheterization times were 4.0 ± 1.7 days and 3.3 ± 1.6 days (P < 0.001), respectively, and the mean postoperative hospitalization times were 5.1 ± 2.4 days and 4.2 ± 1.8 days (P < 0.001), respectively. The incidences of unplanned second surgery and death reduced during the study period. The surgery rate decreased over time, which suggests that medication was chosen over surgery. However, the percentage of late complications of BPH also decreased over time, which indicates that the timing of surgery was not delayed.
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Tumors are new organisms formed by uncontrollable cell proliferation of local tissues driven by various oncogenic factors. The cause of tumors is unknown with life-threating outcome. Tumors can be classified into benign tumors， borderline tumors， and malignant tumors according to their pathological properties. Among them， malignant tumor is commonly known as cancer， with no specific medicines or reliable cure means， so this is a hot spot and difficult point in current medical research. In ancient literatures， there are many records about the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in treating tumor， and modern pharmacological researches have shown that more and more active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） have gradually highlighted their inhibitory effect on various types of tumor. Caulis sinomenii has been used for treatment of rheumatic diseases in TCM for a long history. Sinomenine is a major bioactive alkaloid presented in C. sinomenii， which has demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation， immunosuppression， analgesia and sedation， and due to its slightly soluble in water， it is commonly used in clinic in the form of hydrochloride， with its commercial name of Zhengqing Fengtongning. Recent studies show that sinomenine alone or combined with chemoradiotherapy can inhibit growth of several tumors significantly or in a synergistic way， so it is termed as an inhibitor of tumors. Anti-tumor effect of sinomenine involve inhibition of tumor cell proliferation， induction of tumor cell apoptosis， blockade of tumor cell cycle， suppression of tumor invasion and metastasis， induction of autophagy of tumor cells， and reversal of multidrug resistance of tumor cells. Upon combination with nanomaterials， it can enhance efficiency and reduce toxicity. Here we summarized and reviewed recent advances on basic anti-tumor research of sinomenine， and then made a classification and description according to its in vivo and in vitro pharmacological action and mechanism of action， so as to elucidate the great potential of sinomenine as a promising anti-tumor drug， and provide reference for further research on its anti-tumor mechanism.
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Objective:To investigate the urodynamic characteristics in Parkinson's disease(PD)versus multiple system atrophy(MSA)patients with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).Methods:We performed a retrospective study in PD and MSA patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and undergone urodynamic examinations from January 2016 to June 2019.A total of 178 patients, mean age(59.2±9.7)years were enrolled, with 64 PD patients, 74 MSA patients and 40 normal controls.Urodynamic parameters included maximum flow rate(Qmax), post-voided residual urine volume(PVR), bladder compliance(BC), overactive bladder(OAB), maximum cystometric capacity(MCC)and detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate(PdetQmax). Bladder function was assessed.Results:Frequent urination(68.8%)was the most common LUTS in PD patients, as opposed to urinary retention(91.9%)in MSA patients.The Qmax, PdetQmax and incidence of OAB were higher and the PVR were lower in PD patients than in MSA patients [free-flow(FF)-Qmax: (13.5±7.1)ml/s vs.(10.1±5.2)ml/s, U=26.98, P<0.01]; pressure-flow study(PFS)-Qmax: [(13.6±5.7)ml/s vs.(10.5±3.3)ml/s, U=34.90, P<0.01]; PFS-PdetQmax: [(23.9±11.3)cm H 2O vs.(16.3±8.6)cmH 2O, U=35.04, P<0.01]; OAB: (46.9% vs.27.0%, χ2=5.85, P<0.01); FF-PVR: [(30.4±20.0)ml vs.(161.7±79.8)ml, U=-71.81, P<0.01]; PFS-PVR: [(65.9±30.7)ml vs.(212.6±83.0)ml, U=-65.29, P<0.01]. Compared with the control group, the incidences of OAB and PFS-PVR were increased and the MCC and PdetQmax were decreased in the PD group(OAB: 46.9% vs.7.5%, χ2=6.15, P<0.018); PFS-PVR: [(65.9±30.7)ml vs.(22.2±10.4)ml, U=47.25, P<0.01]; MCC: [(305.1±79.7)ml vs.(389.6±65.2)ml, U=-52.13, P<0.01]; PdetQmax: [(23.9±11.3)cmH 2O vs.(37.3±10.3)cmH 2O, U=-49.88, P<0.01]. Compared also with the control group, the MSA group had a lower Qmax, PdetQmax and MCC, FF-Qmax: [(10.1±5.2)ml/s vs.(16.3±4.7)ml/s, U=-50.11, P<0.01]; PFS-Qmax: [(10.5±3.3)ml/s vs.(13.1±5.0)ml/s, U=-27.54, P<0.05]; PdetQmax: [(16.3±8.6)cmH 2O vs.(37.3±10.3)cmH 2O, U=-84.92, P<0.01]; MCC: [(284.3±71.8)ml vs.(389.6±65.2)ml, U=-39.31, P<0.01], a higher PVR, lower bladder compliance(BC)and a higher incidence of OAB(FF-PVR: [(161.7±79.8)ml vs.(22.0±13.0)ml, U=84.82, P<0.01]; PFS-PVR: [(212.6±83.0)ml vs.(22.2±10.4)ml, U=112.54, P<0.01]; BC: (28.4% vs.7.5%, χ2=6.81, P<0.01); OAB: (27.0% vs.7.5%, χ2=17.62, P<0.01). Conclusions:PD and MSA patients with LUTS have bladder dysfunction.MSA patients have more serious bladder dysfunction than PD patients.
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Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by interfering with the expression of characteristic genes and key protein in Müller cells (MC) based on the methods of network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Methods: Retrieval and screening of active ingredients and therapeutic targets of SM in blood was performed by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Differentially expressed genes of MC in normal and RP mice were obtained by searching GEO database. RP-related gene targets were retrieved through disease database. Cytoscape was used to construct protein-protein interaction networks of differentially expressed MC genes, disease targets and component targets and the intersection was extracted. Gene Ontology and KEGG signaling pathway analysis of characteristic genes were carried out by DAVID. CytoHubba was used to analyze and screen the key protein targets. Results: A total of 202 chemical constituents related to SM were retrieved, 65 active ingredients were screened according to ADME parameters, of which 13 were active ingredients in blood. A total of 117 possible targets were obtained by further searching and matching. A total of 242 differentially expressed genes in MC of normal and RP mice were obtained from chip data. A total of 206 targets closely related to RP were obtained from disease databases. A total of 85 characteristic genes of SM affecting MC in RP pathological process were extracted and intersected. These genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, apoptotic signaling pathway regulation, DNA nuclear replication regulation and other biological processes. Molecular functions mainly include transcriptional coactivator activity, protein kinase activity, core promoter binding, etc. They were enriched in nuclear, nucleoplasm, transcription factor complex, Rb-E2F complex and other regions. The signaling pathways involved include splicer signaling pathway, actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway, cell cycle signaling pathway and so on. A total of eight key protein targets of SM on MC in RP pathological process were analyzed and screened. Conclusion: The substance basis of the pharmacodynamics of SM is 13 chemical constituents, such as cryptotanshinone, luteolin, tanshinone IIA, etc. The MC characteristic genes involved in the pathological process of RP intervened by SM are related to spliceosome signaling pathway, actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway, cell cycle regulation pathway, etc. The key targets include eight protein such as RB1, E2F1, TFDP1, etc.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the expression of aquaporin 2-3 after the release of unilateral ureter obstruction in young rats.@*Methods@#Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(CUUO-R group, CUUO-R+ EPO group and sham group, with 8 rats in each group). The CUUO-R model was built through unilateral ureteral ligation, after 48 h the obstruction was released.EPO was given to the CUUO-R+ EPO group at the time point of removing obstruction, and then repeated every other day for 1 week, and the same volume of saline was simultaneously given to the CUUO-R rats.The rats in sham group experienced the laparotomy and free dissection of left ureter but not ligation.The kidneys were harvested 7 d after the release of CUUO.The methods of Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the effects of erythropoietin on the expression of AQP2 and AQP3.@*Results@#The osmotic pressure of CUUO-R+ EPO group was higher than those of CUUO-R group, but lower than that of sham group(P=0.007). The concentration of creatinine and urea in the CUUO-R group[(58.001±2.416) μmol/L and (9.025±1.158) mmol/L]were higher than those of CUUO-R+ EPO group [(57.072±2.286) μmol/L and (1.479±0.043) mmol/L] and sham group [(54.820±1.536) μmol/L and (6.929±0.604) mmol/L]. The differences of the concentration of creatinine and urea between CUUO-R group and sham group were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between CUUO-R+ EPO group and Sham group(P>0.05). The immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of AQP2 and AQP3 in co-llecting duct in CUUO-R group were significantly weaker than those of in sham group, and the expression of those in CUUO-R+ EPO group were slightly weaker than sham group.These results were further confirmed by Western blot, as the relative quantity of AQP2 and AQP3 were also the lowest in CUUO-R group(AQP2 in 3 groups were 0.974±0.109, 1.923±0.097 and 2.002±0.044, F=392.4, P=0.000; AQP3 in 3 groups were 0.941±0.048, 1.497±0.043 and 1.863±0.043, F=735.8, P=0.000).@*Conclusions@#EPO treatment is beneficial for the recovery expre-ssion of AQP2 and AQP3 as well as renal function at the early period after the release of ureteral obstruction in young rats.
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Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (FLRSM) in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Method:Possible intake active components and targets of FLRSM were screened out and predicted by traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP). Gene targets related to RP were mined through disease gene databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of component-targets and disease-targets were mapped by functional protein association networks (STRING), and the intersection of the two networks was obtained. The gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway of the intersection network were analyzed by the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery(DAVID). CytoHubba analysis was used to screen out the key targets. Result:A total of 390 active ingredients related to FLRSM were retrieved from TCMSP. According to pharmacokinetic parameters, 110 active ingredients were screened out, 19 active ingredients were further screened out, and 208 targets related to these constituents were retrieved. Totally 206 genes directly related to RP were obtained from the disease gene databases. And 79 genes were obtained from the intersection of PPI networks of component targets and disease targets. These genes mainly involved in biological processes, such as protein autophosphorylation, transcriptional regulation and cell proliferation, and the molecular functions mainly involved adenosine triphosphate binding, transcription factor activity, core promoter binding, and were enriched in nuclear, transcription factor complex, nucleus, cytoplasm and other regions. It was mainly related to neurotrophin signaling pathway, cell cycle related pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. And 8 key gene targets for FLRSM treatment of RP were identified by further screening. Conclusion:The material basis of pharmacodynamic action of FLRSM involves 19 active ingredients, such as porous sterol and tanshinone ⅡA. The key targets of FLRSM in the treatment of RP include 8 genes, such as E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1) and retinoblastoma gene1(RB1).The main mechanism is related to the regulation of neurotrophin signaling pathways, cell cycle related pathways and other signaling networks.
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BACKGROUND@#Significant blood loss is still one of the most frequent complications in spinal surgery, which often necessitates blood transfusion. Massive perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion can create additional risks. Aprotinin, tranexamic acid (TXA), and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) are antifibrinolytics currently offered as prophylactic agents to reduce surgery-associated blood loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aprotinin, EACA, and low/high doses of TXA in spinal surgery, and assess the use of which agent is the most optimal intervention using the network meta-analysis (NMA) method.@*METHODS@#Five electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Web of Science, from the inception to March 1, 2018. Trials that were randomized and compared results between TXA, EACA, and placebo were identified. The NMA was conducted with software R 3.3.2 and STATA 14.0.@*RESULTS@#Thirty randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were analyzed. Aprotinin (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.65, 95% credibility intervals [CrI;-1.25, -0.06]), low-dose TXA (SMD = -0.58, 95% CrI [-0.92, -0.25]), and high-dose TXA (SMD = -0.70, 95% CrI [-1.04, -0.36]) were more effective than the respective placebos in reducing intraoperative blood loss. Low-dose TXA (SMD = -1.90, 95% CrI [-3.32, -0.48]) and high-dose TXA (SMD = -2.31, 95% CrI [-3.75, -0.87]) had less postoperative blood loss. Low-dose TXA (SMD = -1.07, 95% CrI [-1.82, -0.31]) and high-dose TXA (SMD = -1.07, 95% CrI [-1.82, -0.31]) significantly reduced total blood loss. However, only high-dose TXA (SMD = -2.07, 95% CrI [-3.26, -0.87]) was more effective in reducing the amount of transfusion, and was significantly superior to low-dose TXA in this regard (SMD = -1.67, 95% CrI [-3.20, -0.13]). Furthermore, aprotinin (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16, 95% CrI [0.05, 0.54]), EACA (OR = 0.46, 95% CrI [0.22, 0.97]) and high dose of TXA (OR = 0.34, 95% CrI [0.19, 0.58]) had a significant reduction in transfusion rates. Antifibrinolytics did not show a significantly increased risk of postoperative thrombosis. Results of ranking probabilities indicated that high-dose TXA had the greatest efficacy and a relatively high safety level.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The antifibrinolytic agents are able to reduce perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirement during spine surgery. And the high-dose TXA administration might be used as the optimal treatment to reduce blood loss and transfusion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aminocaproic Acid , Therapeutic Uses , Antifibrinolytic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Aprotinin , Therapeutic Uses , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Spine , General Surgery , Tranexamic Acid , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Aim To study the therapeutic effect of Huangqi Jianzhong decoction ( HQJZ) on duodenal ul-cer(DU) in rats and its effect on intestinal mucosal immune barrier function mediated by TLR-2. Methods SD rats were divided into normal group, model group, positive drug group and HQJZ group. DU model was established by methods of multiple factors. The body weight, food intake, and rectal temperature were measured. The ulcer index (UI) was calculated. The pathological changes of duodenal mucosa were observed by HE staining. The contents of cytokines were detec-ted by EL1SA. The expression of mRNx
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Objective To investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the expression of aquaporin 2-3 after the release of unilateral ureter obstruction in young rats.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(CUUO-R group,CUUO-R + EPO group and sham group,with 8 rats in each group).The CUUO-R model was built through unilateral ureteral ligation,after 48 h the obstruction was released.EPO was given to the CUUO-R + EPO group at the time point of removing obstruction,and then repeated every other day for 1 week,and the same volume of saline was simultaneously given to the CUUO-R rats.The rats in sham group experienced the laparotomy and free dissection of left ureter but not ligation.The kidneys were harvested 7 d after the release of CUUO.The methods of Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the effects of erythropoietin on the expression of AQP2 and AQP3.Results The osmotic pressure of CUUO-R + EPO group was higher than those of CUUO-R group,but lower than that of sham group (P =0.007).The concentration of creatinine and urea in the CUUO-R group [(58.001 ± 2.416) μmol/L and (9.025 ± 1.158) mmol/L] were higher than those of CUUO-R + EPO group [(57.072 ± 2.286) μmol/L and (1.479 ± 0.043) mmol/L] and sham group [(54.820 ± 1.536) μmol/L and (6.929-±0.604) mmol/L].The differences of the concentration of creatinine and urea between CUUO-R group and sham group were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between CUUO-R + EPO group and Sham group(P ＞ 0.05).The immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of AQP2 and AQP3 in collecting duct in CUUO-R group were significantly weaker than those of in sham group,and the expression of those in CUUO-R + EPO group were slightly weaker than sham group.These results were further confirmed by Western blot,as the relative quantity of AQP2 and AQP3 were also the lowest in CUUO-R group (AQP2 in 3 groups were 0.974 ± 0.109,1.923 ± 0.097 and 2.002 ± 0.044,F =392.4,P =0.000;AQP3 in 3 groups were 0.941 ± 0.048,1.497 ± 0.043 and 1.863 ± 0.043,F =735.8,P =0.000).Conclusions EPO treatment is beneficial for the recovery expression of AQP2 and AQP3 as well as renal function at the early period after the release of ureteral obstruction in young rats.
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Objective To investigate the effect of urinary training on urination control in infants using nappies after birth.Methods Stratified sampling method was used to investigate the daytime urination control and the using of diapers by children in kindergartens of 6 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province,China.The survey was conducted among parents of healthy children.Results In a total of 12 250 questionnaires,11 697 had response,and 10 562 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective recovery rate was 86.22％.After the birth of infants,the age of toilet training was divided into 6 groups (0-＜ 3 months old group,3-＜ 6 months old group,6-＜ 12 months old group,12-＜ 18 months old group,18-＜ 24 months old group and no toilet training group).Results showed that toilet training within 12 months leads to higher urinary control rate compared with toilet training after 12 months and no toilet training till the age of 2 years old,70.56％ (4 831/6 847 cases) in contrast with 59.02％ (1 545/2 618 cases) and 42.48％ (466/1 097 cases),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =114.76,335.48,all P ＜ 0.000 1).Within 12 months,there was no statistical difference in the urinary control rate between subgroups at 2 years of age(all P ＞0.05).After 12 months,the urination control rate decreased with the start time delayed till 2 years of age,and the urinary control rate at the age of 2 years old n different groups was 59.97％ (1 314/2 191 cases) and 54.10％ (231/427 cases) respectively.The results of other ages(0.5,1.0,1.5 years old) were similar to those of 2 years old.There was no difference between the groups of different genders (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The use of diapers in infants before the age of 1 year to start urinary training is conducive to the development of urinary control in infants.
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Objective To explore the expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) in human fetus kidney and amniotic fluid at different stages of pregnancy.Methods Twenty-two cases of aborted fetuses' kidneys were collected.They were divided into 3 groups according to the pregnancy age:8 cases in 17-23 + 6 weeks,8 cases in 24-31 +6 weeks,and 6 cases in 32-38 +6 weeks.Western blot was used to examine the expression of AQP-2 in the kidney.Twenty-four cases of the amniotic fluid were collected,and they were divided into 3 groups according to the pregnancy age:10 cases in 17-23 +6 weeks,6 cases in 24-31 +6 weeks,and 8 cases in 32-38 +6 weeks.Eight cases of healthy adult morning urine were collected as positive controls.The AQP-2 protein in the amniotic fluid was detected with the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the osmotic pressure of amniotic fluid at different stages of the pregnancy was measured with the freezing point osmometer.Results The expression of AQP-2 was increased with the extending of pregnancy age,and the AQP-2 expressions in fetus kidney of 17-23 +6 weeks,24-31 + 6 weeks and 32-38 +6 weeks were 0.986 ± 0.335,1.566 ± 0.272,and 2.080 ± 0.246,respectively,and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The AQP-2 detected from amniotic fluid was positively correlated with the result of AQP-2 in the kidney(r =0.985,P ＜ 0.05),and the AQP-2 expression also increased with the extending of pregnancy age:17-23 +6 weeks,24-31 +6 weeks,32-38 +6 weeks and adult urine was (30.253 ±5.843) mg/L,(35.103 ±7.271) mg/L,and (42.580 ± 1.230) mg/L and (46.493 ± 0.450) mg/L,respectively.The osmolality of the amniotic fluid of 17-23 +6 weeks,24-31 +6 weeks,32-38 +6 weeks was (272.600 ± 4.827) mmol/L,(252.00 ± 15.360) mmol/L,and (261.750 ±5.560) mmol/L,respectively,and the difference was significant(P ＜0.05).Conclusions The AQP-2 expression in human fetus kidneys has good correlation with amniotic fluid,which indicates that the level of AQP-2 of the amniotic fluid may reflect the expression of AQP-2 in the fetus kidney.
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Objective: To study the effect of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (AMP) on migration, intracellular polyamines content, cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyto), and RhoA protein expression of intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells, so as to explore the repairing mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) on gastrointestinal injury. Methods: AM was extracted by water and precipitated by ethanol, AM crude polysaccharides were obtained after removing protein. AMP I, II, III, and IV were obtained by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. AMP V was further obtained by Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography from AMP I. Cell migration model was established by Tips scratch method; High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the polyamines content; Flow cytometry was used to detect the [Ca2+]cyto; Western blotting analysis was used to detect RhoA protein expression. The improving effect of AMP on migration, [Ca2+]cyto, and RhoA protein expression of normal and polyamine-depleted IEC-6 cells was observed. Results: AM crude polysaccharides, AMP I, and AMP V (100 mg /L or 200 mg /L) promoted cell migration and reversed the inhibition of cell migration induced by DFMO (P < 0.01); AMP V increased the intracellular polyamines content in normal and polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells; AMP V also enhanced [Ca2+]cyto in the process of IEC-6 cell migration and reversed the reduction of [Ca2+]cyto induced by DFMO (P < 0.01); Further study suggested that AMP V increased RhoA protein expression in normal and polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells (P < 0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that the repairing effect of AM on the gastrointestinal mucosa damage may be related to its role of increasing polyamines content, then improving [Ca2+]cyto and RhoA protein expression and thereby promoting cell migration.
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Objective To investigate the effect of acute high altitude exposure on lung functions and the relationship between lung functions and acute mountain sickness ( AMS) .Method We collected the lung function and Lewis Lake data of 73 subjects (aged 18 to 26,male) at 400 m above sea-leve and those at high altitude(exposure to 3900 m, 5 d).Results Compared with sea-level, lung functions decreased in forced vital capucity (FVC), maximum midexpiratory flow(MMF), V50, V25 while forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), peak expiratory flow(PEF), V75 did not change.FVC, FEV1, PEF, MMF were used to analyze the relationship between lung functions and AMS .There was no difference in lung functions between AMS group and NON AMS group at sea-level, but lung functions of AMS group were significantly lower than those of NON AMS group in FVC , MMF at high altitude .There was difference between AMS group and NON AMS group in the rate of change of FVC and MMF .Logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of change of FVC was an independent risk factor , while correlation analysis showed that the change of FVC and the change of oxygen saturation were relevant.Conclusion Lung functions showed restrictive decrease after acute high altitude exposure .Changes of lung func-tions will increase hypoxia and susceptiblity to AMS .
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Aberrantly expressed microRNAs are a hallmark of cancer, and microRNA expression profiling is associated with tumor progression and response to chemotherapy, suggesting their potential application as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The role of microRNAs in lung cancer remains elusive. It has been recently reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) tyrosine kinase can regulate expression of specific microRNAs including miR-30b, miR-30c, miR-221, miR-222, miR-103 and miR-203, and induce tumorigenesis and gefitinib resistance in lung cancers. We intend to study the role of miR-30b and miR-30c expression in predicting response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We have therefore retrospectively examined expression of miR-30b miR-30c in 41 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples from NSCLC patients when TKIs were used as first line therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We found a significant correlation between expression of miR-30b and miR-30c. Furthermore, miR-30b and miR-30c expression correlated with short-term response. Kaplan-Meier analysis further revealed that the expression of miR-30b and miR-30c predicted progression free survival and the overall survival rate in the examined cohort.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study identified miR-30b and miR-30c as useful prognostic predictors in NSCLC patients who underwent first line treatment with TKIs.</p>